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RS2: The Orang-orang and the Hutan

Zihao Weng

Zihao is an MA Environmental Architecture graduate from the Royal College of Art. He is from China, and his project, influenced by the global pandemic in 2020, examines the transformation of old Chinese residential buildings. Prior to his studies at the RCA, he received his Bachelor Degree in Interior Design from the Sichuan Fine Art institute. During his study at the RCA, he worked in the Borneo Studio. In term one, Zihao and his colleagues focused on environmental conflicts caused by mono-cultural palm plantations in Kotawaringing Lama, a remote village in Borneo, Indonesia. In the second term, he and his colleagues designed a communication application for local people to enhance their interactions, while he mainly focused on designing a simply assembled structure for land observation and internet coverage.

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School of Architecture

RS2: The Orang-orang and the Hutan

In this term, he focused more on the high density of urbanisation, because the cities are fragile in facing COVID-19 and other potential pandemics. Especially in the Tapin community. The outside environment, like the climate and pandemic changes, force the architectural types to be functionally changing, but how to make the changes more acceptable for the residents in their community and easy for government to implement is what I was concerned about and did. The parasitic architecture utilised the facade and split the ground floor public space into various small groups rearranged in the vertical space, which actually expanded the limited living space and bridged the connection among neighbours. Although the restructure of old residential buildings is a comparatively narrowed way to contribute, the process of research made me understand the development of housing types is the miniature urbanisation, and how the design strategy or architecture types are shaped by the national political and economic directions in that moment. His project is to reconstruct aged buildings based on the COVID-19 situation. The first reason he chose aged housing in the Tapin community in Chongqing, is that the residents here consist of seniors and marginalised people who are living in poverty, they are the most fragile group in facing this global pandemic. And according to the research of the history of these buildings, it was built over 20 years, which means the community’s facilities and infrastructures are not sufficient for long-term safe quarantine. The third reason is that, in a time of quarantine, people are living in the non-social communication situation. Some residents felt stress and depression due to social distancing, some even had mental issues in long-term quarantine, spent with little communication. So compared to the slow process of change in housing architectural types in China, the pragmatic way is to restructure this housing for uncertainties such as pandemics in future.

These four images show the development of the housing types from 1970 to 1990s. Before 1986 the Chinese housing was designed to accommodate more people, which is without considering the entertainment activities and living qualities, such as the parlour and balcony were small. The parlour was only designed as a space for setting tables initially, and gradually developed after 1986 and evolved into the contemporary parlor for watching TV and eating in 1996. The process of transformation brought more interior area of parlor to users, because the housing real estate was shifted from state owned to cooperative operation mode.

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The analysis of the indoor lighting shows that in order to increase the interior area, the balcony area and indoor lighting were sacrificed. What’s more, the interior space was split into more, but smaller rooms for accommodation. It actually made the interior space more narrow than before.

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When the residents face the narrowed interior problem, they generally had two ways to tackle the limited space. The first is to expand their private space, and the other is to rely more on the public space. To talk about the private space expansion, The first space expansion happened on the facade, these red frames showed how they expanded the original balcony area, built iron fences and canopies to create a space for a flower-stand, clothes drying and storage, although these are actually illegal.

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On the ground floor, they built simple structures like brick rooms and huts which are deriving from the housings. Whatever these spaces are expanded for commercial use or storage use, people living here attempted to occupy the public space, and converted it into their own space.

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The quarantine makes people isolate themselves from the community. These two maps show the boundary of the community in normal time and the red frame represented the social distancing area. The connection between them and the community has been cut off. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the people’s living area and active scale have been extremely stressed in their home. Their community ties have been cut off.

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The original public space, like the courtyard and streets cannot be approached during social distancing, but the ignored vertical space on the facade and corridor space might be utilised to expand for hanging out, social communication, and rebuilding the sense of community. So the design strategy is to expand their living area and convert their ground floor public space into a vertical space, which can both feed their normal need---to have more communication and more space to do exercises or other activities in a pandemic situation.

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The facade vertical space is designed in two ways. First, expand private space because of narrow interior space here, I removed their illegal constructs, and expanded their balcony area on the facade to increase activity space with the scaffolding structure and low-cost materials.

Second, to reconnect the communication among neighbours during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to their small group activities, the courtyard will be split into small platforms on the expanded facade through the scaffolding corridor to connect neighbors. It can be used in normal periods, as well as in a temporary lockdown during a pandemic, so people could see and chat with each other because of the overlapped balcony space, whilst maintaining a safe distance. And also gathering as a group in a normal period.

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Architecture

The corridor space is considered as a logistic panel, except in the expanded space, I add a lifting installation to deliver food with a safe distance because two families share a floor.

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The scaffolding structure can be easy to assemble and construct in the aged communities. It is not only for the concern of post pandemic living, but more how these aged communities promote living qualities instead of high-cost remove and rebuild.

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